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Digital memory and storage technology
Digital memory stores binary information as patterns of electrical charge, magnetisation or transistor states that represent bits. Memory devices are broadly divided into volatile types, which lose their contents when power is removed, and non-volatile types, which retain data without power. The distinction governs which technology suits a given role, from fast working memory to long-term storage.
Random-access memory (RAM) is the main volatile type. Dynamic RAM (DRAM) stores each bit as charge on a tiny capacitor and must be refreshed periodically, but it is dense and inexpensive, making it the usual choice for a computer's main memory. Static RAM holds each bit in a latch of transistors, is faster and needs no refresh, but uses more silicon and is reserved for caches. DRAM chips are commonly mounted on plug-in modules such as the SIMM and the later DIMM.
Read-only memory (ROM) and its programmable relatives are non-volatile. Mask ROM is written during manufacture, PROM is programmed once by the user, and EPROM can be erased by ultraviolet light through a quartz window and reprogrammed. EEPROM is erased electrically. Flash memory is a form of electrically erasable memory that erases and writes in blocks rather than single bytes; the NAND variety offers high density and is the basis of memory cards, USB drives and solid-state disks, while NOR flash allows fast random reading and is used to hold firmware.
Frequently asked questions
- What is the difference between volatile and non-volatile memory?
- Volatile memory such as RAM loses its contents when power is switched off, while non-volatile memory such as ROM and flash keeps data without power.
- How does flash memory differ from EPROM?
- Both are non-volatile, but EPROM is erased by ultraviolet light, whereas flash is erased and written electrically in blocks, allowing in-circuit reprogramming.
- Why does DRAM need refreshing?
- It stores each bit as charge on a small capacitor that slowly leaks away, so the contents must be read and rewritten many times per second to avoid data loss.
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Memories 
related topic: Memory (computer) |
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128MSDRAM 128 Mbyte synchronous ram, pdf file |
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Cache memory Cache memory |
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Digital
storage digital
storage, Computer storage, or computer memory, refers to the computer
components, devices and recording media that retain binary information for some
interval of time |
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DRAM
Asynchronous DRAM Design and Synthesis,
pdf file |
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DRAM Code Information DDR3 SDRAMn Network-DRAM, DDR SGRAM, EDO, FP, GDDR5
SDRAM, DDR SDRAM, GDDR3 SDRAM, Mobile SDRAM PEA, Mobile L2RAM, Mobile SDRAM, DDR
SGRAM 2, Mobile DDR SDRAM 2, Direct RDRAM, SDRAM, DDR SDRAM 2, GDDR4 SDRAM,
pdf file |
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DRAM
TECHNOLOGY DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) is the main memory used for
all desktop and larger computers. Each elementary DRAM cell is made up of a
single MOS transistor and a storage capacitor |
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Embedded
memory Embedded memory, Embedded memory is any non-stand-alone memory. It is
an integrated on-chip memory that supports the logic core to accomplish intended
functions, ...,
pdf file |
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EPROM en Français |
| EPROM how
it works: electrically erasable programmable read only memory, rom, eprom, flash, prom,
non volitile memory |
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Flash memory
Flash memory tevhnology, Flash memory technology is a mix of EPROM and EEPROM
technologies. The term ÒflashÓ was chosen because a large chunk of memory could be erased at one time. The name,
therefore, distinguishes flash devices from EEPROMs, where each byte is erased
individually, ...,
pdf file |
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Geheugens in Dutch,
pdf file |
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Memory
application notes Samsung electronics, application notes, DDR2, SDRAM, DDR, SDRAM,
Mobile, SDRAM, RDRAM, SDR, SDRAM, NAND Flash, OneNAND, NOR Flash, MMC Flash,
Development Tools (Flash), Low Power SRAM, High Speed SRAM, Graphics DRAM,
a tip |
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Memory
The DRAM storage cell consists of a capacitor for storing charge and a
transistor for gating that charge onto a bit line. |
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Memory how
it works, introductory tutorial on how PC memory works. Explanation about DRAM, memory test, RAM, DIMM, SIMM , DRAM, random access memory,
The memory in your computer is called RAM (Random Access Memory). There are two
basic types of RAM; DRAM (Dynamic RAM) and SRAM (Static RAM). DRAM is the most
common and least expensive computer memory |
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Memory and buses
Virtual Memory and Buses,
ppt file |
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Memory and data
storage Main permanent file storage, Portable permanent file storage, ROM,
RAM, cache RAM, video RAM,
pdf file |
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Memory
- basics RAM - random access memory, ROM - read only memory, EPROM,
FLASH - electrically programmable read only memeory, ...,
pdf file |
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Memory Cells
pdf file |
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Memory
- overview
pdf file |
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Memory types and
timing diagrams memory types and
timing diagrams, ppt file |
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Memory types
ROM, Flash (EEPROM), Static RAM (SRAM), Dynamic RAM (DRAM), Electrically
Erasable Programmable ROM, Timing diagrams |
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Memory types technical explained, pdf file |
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NAND FLASH memory NAND FLASH memory, NAND Flash Architecture, Erase
Algorithm, Electron tunneling,
pdf file |
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NAND
clock memory OneNAND™ Clock Application Note, This application note guides
the memory clock usages for OneNAND. It describes the detailed memory clock
usages within the host interface according to the memory architecture to
optimize the OneNAND performance. |
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Random access memory RAM memory,
pdf file |
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Random access memory timing waveforms for a static RAM component, and the design of
the register and control logic that surrounds the memory subsystem, making it
possible to interface the memory to the rest of the digital system, How Random
access memory works |
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Random access memory RAM memory,
Random access memory, How Random access memory works,
pdf file |
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Ram basics
ppt file |
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ROM, EPROM,
AND EEPROM TECHNOLOGY Read only memory devices are a special case of memory
where, in normal system operation, the memory is read but not changed. Read only memories are non-volatile, that is,
stored information is retained when the power is removed,
pdf file |
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Read
only memory (ROM) Read
only memory (ROM) |
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Samsung
RAM |
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SDRAM - details SDram, pdf file |
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SIMM en DIMM in Dutch, pps file |
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SRAM technology SRAM technology, An SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) is
designed to fill two needs: to provide a direct interface with the CPU at speeds
not attainable by DRAMs and to replace DRAMs in systems that require very low
power consumption,
pdf file |
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Last updated on:
2026-06-24
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