Brushless DC motor, CDROM motor

A brushless DC (BLDC) motor is an electric motor that delivers the controllability of a conventional DC motor but eliminates the mechanical brushes and commutator. In a traditional brushed motor, sliding brushes feed current to the rotating armature windings and reverse it at the right moments to keep the rotor turning. A brushless motor instead places permanent magnets on the rotor and the windings on the stationary stator, then switches the stator currents electronically. This electronic commutation removes the wearing contacts, raising reliability and reducing electrical noise.

Because the windings are fixed, the controller must know the rotor position to energise the correct coils at the correct time. This is done either with Hall-effect sensors mounted near the rotor or by sensing the back-EMF generated in the unenergised windings. The controller drives the coils in a timed sequence, often using pulse-width modulation to vary the effective voltage and therefore the speed and torque. Phase-angle and current control allow smooth, efficient operation across a wide range.

Brushless motors are common where quiet, efficient and long-lived operation matters. The spindle motors that spin discs in CD-ROM and DVD drives, hard-disk drives and computer cooling fans are typically brushless, as are many drones, electric vehicles and servo systems. Their high efficiency, compact size and absence of brush maintenance explain why they have replaced brushed motors in many precision and continuous-duty applications.

Frequently asked questions

Why does a brushless motor need a controller?: Because there are no brushes to switch the winding currents mechanically, an electronic controller must sense the rotor position and energise the stator coils in the correct sequence.
How is rotor position detected?: Position is found either with Hall-effect sensors placed near the rotor magnets or, in sensorless designs, by measuring the back-EMF induced in the windings that are momentarily not driven.
Why are CD-ROM and disk drives fitted with brushless motors?: Brushless spindle motors run quietly, spin at precise speeds, generate little electrical noise and last a long time without brush wear, all of which suit disc and disk drives.

Motor and generators:
Brushless DC motors	Motor AC	Motor-Synchronous	Single phase AC motors
Generators: AC and DC	Motor DC	Robot	Stepper motor
Generator: asynchronous	Motor overview	Servomotor	Stepper motor drivers

Brushless DC motors

3-Phase BLDC Motor Control with Quadrature Encoder using 56F800/E This application note describes the design of a 3-phase BLDC (Brushless DC) motor drive based on Freescale’s 56F800/Econtrollers, pdf file

AC Servo Systems Torque Production with a DC Servo Motor, How does the AC Servo Motor Produce Torque? Torque Production with an AC Servo Motor, Current Vector for Three-Phase AC Servo Motor, AC Servo Motor, Current Controlled Power Converter, ..., pdf file

Automotive BLDC Motor Control This Application Note describes PSoC device implementation of a BLDC (Brushless DC) windscreen wiper motor controller for automotive applications, pdf file

Automotive Control Solution for Brushless DC Motors pdf file

BLDC Motor Control BLDC Motor Control, pdf file

BLDC Motor with Hall Sensors and Speed Closed Loop This application note describes the design of a 3-phase Table of Contents Brushless DC (BLDC) motor drive based on Freescale’s PowerPC MPC5554 microcontroller, pdf file

Borstelloze DC motor in Dutch, pdf file

Brushed versus Brushless Brushed versus Brushless motor

Brushed versus Brushless Permanent magnet (PM) DC brushed and brushless motors incorporate a combination of PM and electromagnetic fields to produce torque (or force) resulting in motion. This is done in the DC motor by a PM stator and a wound armature or rotor. Current in the DC motor is automatically switched to different windings by means of a commutator and brushes to create continuous motion. In a brushless motor, the rotor incorporates the magnets, and the stator contains the windings. In this case, commutation is implemented electronically with a drive amplifier that uses semiconductor switches to change current in the windings based on rotor position feedback

Brushless DC (BLDC) Motor Fundamentals BLDC motors do not use brushes for commutation; instead, they are electronically commutated. BLDC motors are a type of synchronous motor. This means the magnetic field generated by the stator and the magnetic field generated by the rotor rotate at the same frequency, pdf file

Brushless DC electric motor A brushless DC motor (BLDC) is a DC electric motor that uses an electronically-controlled commutation system, instead of a mechanical commutation system, ...

Brushless DC Motor Control pdf file

Brushless DC Motor Control Made Easy controllers for brushless motors, Anatomy of a BLDC, BLDC motor construction, Sensorless Motor Control, Closed Loop Speed Control, Sensored Commutation, pdf file

Brushless DC Motor Control Using PIC pdf file

Brushless DC Motor Control Sensorless BLDC Control, pdf file

Brushless DC motor the LRK350-20

Brushless DC motors BLDC motors do not use brushes for commutation; instead, they are electronically commutated, advantages over brushed DC motors and induction motors: better speed versus torque characteristics, high dynamic response, long operating life, noiseless operation, higher speed ranges, pdf file

Brushless DC motors pdf file

Brushless DC motors The advent of inexpensive high power switching semiconductors has enabled radical new solutions to the commutation problem and much simpler mechanical designs. Permanent magnet and switched reluctance motors depend on electronic drive systems which produce rotating magnetic fields to pull the rotors around

Brushless DC motors direct back EMF detection method for sensorless brushless DC motor, pdf file

Brushless D.C. Motors without Permanent Magnets Brushless D.C. Motors without Permanent Magnets

Brushless DC vs. AC Performance DC motor technology offers specific user advantages versus AC: • Total and simplified speed control, Linear speed/torque relationship, Motor efficiencies up to 4 times higher versus, comparable AC units, pdf file

Brushless experiments VCR Brushless experiments

Brushless motors Brushless Motor Operation, Force on a conductor in a magnetic field, brushless motor technology, pdf file

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Brushless Permanent Magnet Motor DesignEducypedia, The educational encyclopedia

Brushless Servo Drive Technology pdf file

Current control removes brushless DC motor commutation spikes pdf file

DC brushless fans This document is intended to provide an overview of brushless fan operation, the merits of these devices, and their limitations

DC brush motor technology DC brush motor technology, pdf file

Electronic commutation Brushless motors rely on semiconductor switches to turn stator windings on and off at the appropriate time. The process is called electronic commutation, borrowing on terminology used for the mechanism in dc motors, called a commutator, that switches current from winding to winding, forcing the rotor to turn

Fan Speed Control This article discusses an integrated fan speed solution that provides sophisticated speed control of brushless DC fans, the most popular type of fan used in electronic equipment, and helps designers get around problems like acoustic noise, power consumption, mechanical wear-out and fault detection, pdf file

Influence of PWM Schemes and Commutation Methods for DC and Brushless Motors and Drives pdf file

Microcontroller for Variable Speed BLDC Fan Control System Difference between DC Fan and BLDC fan, Construction of a BLDC Fan, Speed Control in BLDC Fan, Three-pin Hall sensor with external driver, Hall sensor with built-in drivers, Variable Speed Control in BLDC fan, PWM drive method, PWM speed control in ASIC IC, pdf file

Sensored BLDC Motor Control pdf file

Sensorless BLDC Motor Control Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motors are replacing brush motors in numerous applications as they offer significant energy efficiency improvements, lower acoustic noise and better reliability to name a few advantages. To be driven and controlled properly, 3-phase Permanent Magnet Brushless motors require a 3 half bridge "inverter" topology to deliver a 6-step or sine wave signal, pdf file

Sensorless Control of a Brushless DC motor pdf file

Servo Handbook: Commutation Brush Motor Commutation, Brushless Motor Commutation, Brushless Motor and Sine-wave Commutation, Brushless Motor and Six-step Commutation

Spindle Motor Hard Drive Spindle Motor, 74164, L293D

Spindle Motor Control Hard Drive Spindle Motor Control, The Spindle is a Brushless DC motor (BLDC). This kind of motor is popular due to the absence of commutators and brushes, as found in ordinary DC motors and to their ability to respond to digital input pulses, pdf file

Spindle Motor Driver The M56787FP is a semiconductor integrated circuit in order to drive the spindle motor, pdf file

TDA5140A; Brushless DC motor drive circuit pdf file

Torquemax a slow outside runner motor, the rotating 14-pole outside runner

Using a Brushless DC Motor Torque Amplifier for a Brushed DC Motor Application Using a brushless DC motor (BLDC) torque amplifier to drive a DC brushed motor is straight forward once a few things are realized about the characteristics of the amplifier. For a BLDC controller that uses hall devices in the motor for commutation, there are six steps in the commutation sequence for one electrical revolution of the motor, pdf file

Variable speed control solution for two-phase DC brushless fan motors up to 100W pdf file

Waveforms and signals in a brushless controller

Brushless CDROM motors

Brushless DC motor CDROM motor, Brushless DC motor

Brushless DC motor CDROM motor

CD-Rom motors CD-Rom brushless motors

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