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The Holocaust

The Holocaust was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of about six million Jews by Nazi Germany and its collaborators between 1933 and 1945. Driven by an ideology of racial antisemitism, the Nazi regime led by Adolf Hitler progressively stripped Jews of their rights, segregated them into ghettos, and ultimately carried out mass killing across German-occupied Europe during World War II.

Jews were not the only targets. The Nazis also persecuted and killed Roma and Sinti people, disabled persons, political opponents, Soviet prisoners of war, Poles, homosexuals, and Jehovah’s Witnesses, among others. Killing was carried out by shooting, in mobile gas vans, and on an industrial scale in extermination and concentration camps. Auschwitz, in occupied Poland, combined a concentration camp with a killing centre and became the largest site of murder, where gas chambers using poison gas were used to kill arriving deportees.

Camps such as Dachau, established in 1933, held political prisoners and others under brutal conditions, while dedicated killing centres were built to murder deportees on arrival. The broader catastrophe unfolded alongside the wider war that engulfed Europe, in which dictators including Joseph Stalin also presided over mass repression. The Holocaust remains one of the most thoroughly documented genocides in history, studied to understand how a modern state organised mass murder.

Frequently asked questions

What does the word Holocaust mean?
It refers to the Nazi genocide of European Jews during World War II. The Hebrew term Shoah, meaning catastrophe, is also widely used.
Who besides Jews were targeted?
Roma and Sinti, disabled people, Soviet prisoners, Poles, political dissidents, homosexuals and others were persecuted and murdered.
What was Auschwitz?
Auschwitz was the largest Nazi camp complex, combining a concentration camp with an extermination centre where gas chambers were used to kill deportees.





Holocaust topics 
A Belgian family's story
Anne Frank was not alone: Holland and the holocaust
Armenian and Roma genocide's
Bach in Auschwitz en Birkenau
Carbon monoxide
Concentration camp in the English-speaking world, the term "concentration camp" was first used to describe camps operated by the British in South Africa during the 1899-1902 Second Boer War. Originally conceived as a form of humanitarian aid to the families whose farms had been destroyed in the fighting, the camps were later used to confine and control large numbers of civilians in areas of Boer guerilla activity. Tens of thousands of Boer civilians, and black workers from their farms, died as a result of diseases developed due to overcrowding, inadequate diets and poor sanitation
Dachau gas chambers
Einsatzgruppen trained for genocide, mobile killing units
Einsatzgruppen
Einsatzgruppen
Einsatzgruppen the Einsatzgruppen were four paramilitary units established before the invasion of the Soviet Union for the purpose of "liquidating" (murdering) Jews, Romany, and political operatives of the Communist party. Ultimately three of these groups (Einsatzgruppen A, B. and C) were attached to army groups taking part in the invasion
Ernest and Elisabeth Cassutto memorial page: survivors of the holocaust
Everyday people in the holocaust to explore the role everyday people in the events of the Holocaust
Extermination methods: gas chambers gas chambers
Five million forgotten non-Jewish Victims: five million were killed during the Holocaust: how could five million human beings have been killed and forgotten? a tip
Five million forgotten the non Jewish victims. Five million were killed during the Holocaust. Millions of others were tortured, tatooed, and persecuted by the Nazis. Six million Polish citizens were killed - half were not Jewish
Gay holocaust
Genocide; a background paper pdf file
German delousing chambers
German forced labour compensation program
Holland under the Third Reich
Holocaust Etymology and usage of the terms: holocaust and shoa
Holocaust in Greece in the spring of 1941, the Germans defeated the Greek army and occupied Greece until october of 1944
Holocaust in Hungary
Holocaust: personal stories
Holocaust Victim Assets Litigation (Swiss Banks)
Homosexuals: victims of the Nazi era homosexuals: victims of the Nazi era
Hungarian Jews deported to Auschwitz the largest single mass deportation during the Holocaust occurred between May 14 and July 8, 1944, when 437,402 Hungarian Jews were deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau in 147 Transports, consisting of hundreds of sealed freight cars. In that death center, after an experimental gassing in September 1941, mass murder had become a daily routine
Hungarian Jews deported to Auschwitz
Hungarian Jews deported to Auschwitz Nazi Deportation of Hungarian Jews at the Expense of Losing the War
House of the Wannsee Conference on January 20th, 1942 Reinhard Heydrich, head of the Reich security main office (Reichssicherheitshauptamt), chaired a meeting of fourteen high-ranking civil servants and SS-officers in this mansion
Jedwabne
Jewish resistance during the holocaust
Kindertransport association the Kindertransport Association (KTA) is a not-for-profit organization of child holocaust survivors who were sent, without their parents, out of Austria, Germany, Poland and Czechoslovakia to Great Britain.Members of the KTA are those who ultimately came to live in the United States of America or Canada, and their subsequent generations
Krieg gegen Kinder
Kristallnacht
March of the living an international, educational program that brings Jewish teens from all over the world to Poland on Yom Hashoah, Holocaust Memorial Day, to march from Auschwitz to Birkenau, the largest concentration camp complex built during World War II
March of the living
NAZI experiments & nazi docters
Nazi persecution of homosexuals "one day they were simply gone"
Nazi poison gas
Operation paperclip Nazi scientists who performed human experimentation in the U. S.
Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust
Pink triangle pages history of the gay male and lesbian experience during world war II
Poland holocaust 3 million victims were non-Jews, six million Polish citizens were killed during the Holocaust, included over 700 men, women and children executed while hiding Jews
Poland's holocaust a family chronicle of Soviet and Nazi terror, Poland's suffering under Stalinism and Communism
Poland: world war II atrocities in Poland
Poles, victims of the Nazi Era
Primary documents: holocaust
Resistance during the Holocaust
Roma: patrin- Roma (Gypsies) in the holocaust (Porraimos) Roma were the only other population besides the Jews who were targeted for extermination on racial grounds in the Final Solution. Determining the percentage or number of Roma who died in the Holocaust is not easy. Much of the Nazi documentation still remains to be analyzed, and many murders were not recorded, since they took place in the fields and forests where Roma were apprehended
Roma: origins and diaspora
Romani holocaust
Romani holocaust chronology
Safe Haven it was the only camp for refugees of the Holocaust on American soil. The refugees were placed in Fort Ontario, a former Army camp surrounded by a chain-link fence topped with barbed wire
Shower bath
Sinti and Roma (Gypsies)- Victims of the Nazi Era
Struma tragedy
Switzerland and the Holocaust
T-4 euthanasia program
Teaching the holocaust through stamps
Technique and operation of German anti-gas shelters in world war II
The holocaust Adolf Hitler and his deathcamps vs Oscar Schindler
The Jews
The role of the catholic church in Yugoslavia's holocaust during the Second World War in Yugoslavia, Catholic priests and Muslim clerics were willing accomplices in the genocide of the nations Serbian, Jewish and Roma population
The uniqueness of the Holocaust
Trains of auschwitz in this composition you hear the trains arriving in the camp
Topography of terror
Vatican bank claims a report implicating the Vatican in the 1945 disappearance of the treasury of the nazi puppet state of Croatia
When Heaven's Vault Cracked Zagreb memories
Why didn't the Allies bomb Auschwitz?
Zyklon B Zyklon B was used in the concentration camps initially for delousing to control typhus. In September 1941, the first experiments were performed in Auschwitz I to test the killing of humans with the poison
Zyklon B poison gas

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