Basic circuit animations and java applications

The starting point of electronics is the simple direct-current circuit, in which a source drives current through resistors. Simulations of these circuits let a learner change a voltage or a resistance and immediately observe the effect on current throughout the network, turning the governing laws into something that can be explored by experiment rather than memorised. The most fundamental of these is Ohm's law, which states that the current through a resistor is proportional to the voltage across it and inversely proportional to its resistance.

More complex networks are analysed with Kirchhoff's rules. The current law states that the total current entering any junction equals the total leaving it, reflecting conservation of charge. The voltage law states that the voltages around any closed loop sum to zero, reflecting conservation of energy. Simulations help by letting a learner verify these balances directly, watching how currents divide among parallel branches and how voltages distribute across series elements.

Circuit theorems provide shortcuts for understanding complicated networks. Thevenin's and Norton's theorems show that any linear network of sources and resistors, seen from two terminals, behaves like a single equivalent source with one resistance. A simulation can demonstrate this equivalence by showing that the original circuit and its simplified version respond identically to any load. These ideas form the foundation on which all later analogue and digital circuit study is built.

Frequently asked questions

What does Ohm's law state?: The current through a resistor equals the voltage across it divided by its resistance, so current rises with voltage and falls with resistance.
What are Kirchhoff's rules?: The current rule says currents into a junction equal currents out, and the voltage rule says voltages around any closed loop sum to zero.
What is a Thevenin equivalent?: It is a simplified model in which any linear two-terminal network is replaced by a single voltage source in series with one resistance, behaving identically to the original.

Basic circuit theory - AC

Applying AC voltage to capacitor, coil, resistor

AC circuits power the instantaneous electric power in an AC circuit, resistor, capacitor, coil, mixed

Combinations of Resistors, Inductors and Capacitors

Mesures de puissance en Français

Phasor diagrams & complex numbers for AC circuits analysis enter magnitude, phase then press draw button

Phasors and sinusoids, Adding phasors, Matching phasors to sinusoids

Power as function of U, I and φ

Basic circuit theory - DC

Battery & light bulb

Capacitors in series and parallel you can select different configurations of capacitors in parallel and/or in series, change the capacitances of the individual capacitors, and the applet will calculate the equivalent capacitance of the network

Comparing a DC circuit to the flow of water Comparing a DC circuit to the flow of water

Comparing a DC circuit to the flow of water water analogy, swf

Current

Current moving charge, electric current, speed = mm/s

Current flow an electric conductor consists of atoms having free electrons in their outer most shells. These free electrons ordinarily move randomly from one atom to another. However, when voltage is applied across the conductor, free electrons flow from negative to positive charges

Current flow Current flow

Current flow The current seems to move to the right though the electron moves to the left

Current to voltage Current to voltage passive converter

Diviseur de tension en Français

Electrische circuits (DC en AC) bouwen en analyseren in Dutch

Internal resistance

Kirchhoff's Laws

Light Bulb Applet Light Bulb Applet, Voltage and Current

Lois de Kirchhoff en Français

Norton equivalent this states that any linear bilateral circuit can be replaced by a circuit consisting of a single current source in parallel with a single resistor

Ohm's law a circuit is used to demonstrate how the current in a circuit is directly proportional to the applied voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance of the circuit, according to Ohm's law

Ohm's law

Ohm's law Ohm's law, resistance and temperature, resistance, potential and current,

Ohm Zone simulator that lets you build circuitry, a tip

Parallel circuits resistors connected in parallel

Parallelschakeling in Dutch

Resistance change the voltage of the battery and the resistance of the resistor

Resistor color codes this tutorial allows you to change the resistance and tolerance values, which in turns generates a differing color code

Series circuit

Series and parallel circuit

Superposition en Français

Superposition this states that the response in any element of a circuit is the sum of the responses of the individual contributions from each source. The response from each source can be obtained by setting the other sources to zero

Superposition principle superposition principle, The circuit provides an illustration of the principle of superposition. The values of the voltage source voltage and current source current and of both resistances can be adjusted using the scrollbars

Théorème de Millman

Théorème de Thévenin en Français

Thévenin

Thevenin equivalent this states that any linear bilateral circuit can be replaced by a circuit consisting of a single voltage source in series with a single resistor

Voltage and current the greater the current through the light bulb, the brighter it glows

Voltage to current Voltage to current passive converter

Weerstanden in serie in Dutch

Wet van ohm in Dutch

Water towers

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