Reptiles and Amphibians

Reptiles and amphibians are two distinct classes of cold-blooded vertebrates that are often studied together in the field of herpetology. Reptiles — including snakes, lizards, turtles, tortoises and crocodiles — have dry, scaly skin and typically lay eggs with protective shells on land. Amphibians, such as frogs, toads and salamanders, usually have moist skin, begin life as aquatic larvae that breathe through gills, and later develop lungs as adults. Because both groups rely on the environment to regulate body temperature, they are most diverse in warm climates.

Snakes are among the most recognisable reptiles. They are legless predators that swallow prey whole, and they include both venomous species and constrictors. Boa constrictors and pythons are large, non-venomous snakes that kill prey by coiling around it and tightening their grip. Boas generally give birth to live young, while pythons lay eggs, and some python species are among the longest snakes in the world. Turtles and tortoises, members of the order that includes the genus Geochelone among others, are reptiles with a protective bony shell; turtles are often aquatic, while tortoises are land-dwellers.

These animals fill important ecological roles as both predators and prey, and many are kept and bred in captivity by enthusiasts. Habitat loss and collection from the wild threaten some species, making conservation and responsible keeping important concerns.

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between reptiles and amphibians?

Reptiles have dry scaly skin and lay shelled eggs on land. Amphibians have moist skin and usually begin life as water-dwelling larvae before maturing.

How do boas and pythons kill prey?

Both are constrictors. They coil around prey and tighten with each breath the prey takes, rather than using venom, before swallowing it whole.

What is the difference between a turtle and a tortoise?

Turtles generally live in or near water and have streamlined shells, while tortoises are land animals with high, domed shells and sturdy legs.