Organic chemistry

Organic chemistry is the study of compounds built around carbon. Carbon atoms can form four bonds and link together in long chains, branched structures and closed rings, which allows an immense diversity of molecules. This versatility makes organic compounds the basis of living matter and of countless manufactured materials, including fuels, plastics, medicines, solvents and dyes. The discipline is concerned both with how such molecules are structured and with the reactions that convert one into another.

Organic compounds are grouped into families according to their bonds and functional groups. Hydrocarbons contain only carbon and hydrogen and are divided into alkanes, with single bonds, alkenes, with carbon–carbon double bonds, and alkynes, with triple bonds. Adding other elements produces further families: alcohols and phenols carry hydroxyl groups, ethers contain an oxygen between two carbon groups, aldehydes and ketones contain a carbonyl group, and carboxylic acids give organic acidity. Amines contain nitrogen, while compounds with sulfur or halogens form their own classes. Aromatic compounds, based on the stable benzene ring, are a major category in their own right.

Reactions in organic chemistry are often understood through mechanisms that trace how bonds break and form step by step. Larger molecules such as proteins, carbohydrates and synthetic polymers are assembled from simpler organic units. Because the spatial arrangement of atoms affects reactivity, molecular models and three-dimensional structures are widely used to study how these compounds behave.

Frequently asked questions

Why is carbon central to organic chemistry?: Carbon can form four stable bonds and join with itself in chains, branches and rings, producing the vast range of molecules the field studies.
What are the main families of organic compounds?: They include hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes), alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amines and aromatic compounds, each defined by characteristic functional groups.
What is a polymer?: A polymer is a large molecule built by linking many smaller repeating units together; plastics and many natural materials are polymers.

Chemistry:
Acids and bases	Distillation	Inorganic chemistry
Atoms	Electrochemistry	Miscellaneous	Organic chemistry
Biochemistry	Food chemistry	Molecules	Spectroscopy
Crystals	General	Nomenclature	Stoichiometry

Organic chemistry general overview

Chemistry notes a collection of chemistry, AP chemistry, and organic chemistry notes

DCU chime pages an ability to visualise molecules, and reactions involving them, you need chime (a chemical structure visualization plug in for internet explorer and netscape communicator)

Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry Bonding Number, Nomenclature Operations, Indicated Hydrogen

Organic and biochemistry

Organic chemistry online tutorial, you need chime (a chemical structure visualization plug in for internet explorer and netscape communicator), a tip

Organic chemistry organic chemistry is indeed the study of carbon-based compounds, at present there are over 18,000,000 organic compounds known, alkane tutorial, alkene tutorial, orbital theory of alkenes, alcohols tutorial, nomenclature of alcohols, alkynes tutorial, benzene tutorial, structure and classification, and nomenclature of benzene, amines tutorial, nomenclature, structure, and properties of amines, ketones and aldehydes tutorial, common nomenclature, and structure and classification of ketones and aldehydes, carboxylic acids tutorial

Organic chemistry in chemistry, an organic compound is one containing Carbon atoms. The opposite term is inorganic

Organic chemistry organic chemistry, alkane, alkene, alkyne, alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, ether, ester, amine, amide, isomer

Organic chemistry organic chemistry, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons, organic halides, organometallic compounds, alcohols, ethers, sulfur compounds, amines, nitriles, nitro compounds and organic nitrates, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, acid halides, acid anhydrides, esters, amides, reactions, resonance

Organic chemistry Atoms important in organic chemistry, Electronic structure of Atoms, Lewis/Kekulé structures of molecules, Molecular shapes from Kekulé structures, Advanced molecular structure, Acid/Base concepts.

Organic chemistry chemical bonding, alkanes, conformational analysis of alkanes and cycloalkanes, alcohols and alkyl halides, structure and preparation of alkenes. elimination reactions, reactions of alkenes, addition reactions, stereochemistry, nucleophilic substitution, alkynes, conjugation in alkadienesand allylic systems, arenes and aromaticity, reactions of arenes, electrophilic aromatic substitution, spectroscopy

Organic chemistry tutorials

Organometallic hypertextbook this reference is meant for students who are starting out in the area of organometallic chemistry as well as those who wish to review and interrelate concepts for their class

Organic chemistry topics

Alcohols alcohols, haloalkanes, chlorine, bromine, equilibria, enthalpy, energy, chains and rings, hydroxide, oxide, carbonate, air, water, metals, iron, steel, calcium, limestone, chemistry, periodic table, halogens, alkane, alkene, alcohol, carboxylic, acid, amine, amide, polymer, sulphur, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, aldehyde, ketone

Alcohols Alcohol Nomenclature, butanol, prepanol, Alcohol Reactions, Electrophilic Substitution at Oxygen, ester formation, Nucleophilic Substitution of the Hydroxyl Group, Elimination Reactions of Alcohols, Pyrolytic syn-Eliminations, Oxidation Reactions of Alcohols& Reactions of Phenols

Alcohols and Ethers Naming Alcohols, Testing Blood Alcohol Levels, Solubilities of Alcohols Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Alcohols Phenols, Boiling Points of Alcohols, Alcohols as Acids and Bases, Preparation of Alcohols, Ethers Alcohols versus Ethers

Alkanes

Alkenes alkenes are named from their saturated alkane counterparts

Alkyl Halides Aldehydes and Ketones, The Nomenclature of Aldehydes and Ketones, Common Aldehydes and Ketones

Alcohol

Alcohols, ethers, phenols and derivatives alcohols, ethers, phenols and derivatives

Aldehydes & ketones ppt file

Aldehydes & ketones addition reactions of aldehydes and ketones, reversible addition reactions, irreversible addition reactions

Aldehydes & ketones

Aldehydes & ketones an introduction to aldehydes and ketones, their reactivity and their physical properties

Aldehydes, ketones, quinones and derivatives aldehydes, ketones, quinones and derivatives

Amines

Amino acids amino acids

Aromatic compounds

Aspirin One of the best known aromatic acetates is acetylsalicylic acid, or aspirin, which is prepared by the esterification of the phenolic hydroxyl group of salicylic acid

Benzene the most commonly encountered aromatic compound is benzene. The usual structural representation for benzene is a six carbon ring (represented by a hexagon) which includes three double bonds

Benzene and other aromatic compounds

Carbocations pdf file

Carbohydrates

Carbonyl group

Chlorine Chlorine is made from common salt (sodium chloride) and water

Chlorophyll Chlorophyll

Ethanol Ethanol (ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol) is a clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic, agreeable odor

Ethylene Ethylene, unlike the rest of the plant hormone compounds is a gaseous hormone

Functional group reactions

Halo compounds

Hydrocarbons structure and nomenclature of hydrocarbons, What Is an Organic Compound? The Saturated Hydrocarbons, or Alkanes, The Cycloalkanes, Rotation Around, CC Bonds, The Nomenclature of Alkanes ,The Unsaturated Hydrocarbons: Alkenes and Alkynes

Isomers of organic compounds two compounds are considered isomers if they have the same molecular formula (i.e. the same numbers and types of atoms) but different structures

Methane Methane is a colorless, odorless gas with a wide distribution in nature

Naming aromatic compounds

Organic compounds

Organic Name Reactions

Polymer chemistry

Polymers are substances containing a large number of structural units joined by the same type of linkage. These substances often form into a chain-like structure

Polymers by B. Shakhashiri

Polymers & liquid crystals information about polymers, liquid crystals, polymer liquid crystals, polymer disperesed liquid crystals, and polymer stabilized liquid crystals. download simulations, view movies, and view animations, Polymers and Liquid Crystals

Phosphoric Acid Phosphoric Acid

Protein crystallisation in action

Protein crystallization page

Protein structure amino acids, peptides, proteins, alanine, cysteine, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine, polar amino acids, arginine, asparagine, aspartic, acid, aspartate, glutamine, glutamic acid, glutamate, histidine, lysine, serine, threonine, ionizable side chains, glutamate, histidine, cysteine, lysine, tyrosine, arginine

Ras oncogene product cancer & oncogenes, biological signal transduction, Ras a molecular switch, oncogenic mutations

Reactions in organic chemistry

Scheidingsmethoden in de organische chemie in Dutch

Substitutionsreaktionen an aromaten

Water and organic molecules

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