Nose, mouth, tongue, teeth and throat anatomy

The nose, mouth and throat form the entrance to both the respiratory and digestive systems and contain several closely linked structures. Air enters through the nose, food and drink through the mouth, and both pass through the throat on their way deeper into the body. These regions also house organs of taste and smell and play a central part in breathing, eating and speech.

The nose warms, moistens and filters incoming air, and connects to the air-filled cavities in the skull called the sinuses. Inside the mouth, the tongue is a muscular organ that moves food, contributes to speech, and carries the taste receptors that detect flavour. The teeth break food into smaller pieces, and a single tooth has a clear structure: the visible crown is covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the body, beneath which lies softer dentin surrounding a central pulp containing nerves and blood vessels. The root sits in the jaw, anchored by cementum and a periodontal ligament, and the gums cover and protect the bone around each tooth.

Humans grow two sets of teeth: baby teeth, also called primary or deciduous teeth, which appear in early childhood, and permanent teeth, which replace them as a person grows. The throat, or pharynx, is a shared passage for air and food, leading to the larynx, which holds the vocal cords and produces the voice, and to the food pipe behind it. The neck supports and connects these structures to the rest of the body.

Frequently asked questions

What are the main layers of a tooth?: A tooth has an outer layer of enamel on the crown, a layer of dentin beneath it, and a soft central pulp with nerves and blood vessels. The root is anchored in the jaw by cementum and a periodontal ligament.
What is the difference between baby and permanent teeth?: Baby teeth, also called primary teeth, are the first set that appears in childhood. They are gradually replaced by the larger permanent teeth as a person grows.
What does the larynx do?: The larynx, located in the throat, contains the vocal cords and produces the voice. It also helps keep food and drink out of the airway during swallowing.

Human anatomy:
Anatomy images	General Anatomy
Articulations	Genetics	Senses: Ear
Blood	Immune system	Senses: Eye
Cardiovascular system	Muscular system	Skeletal system
Cells	Nervous system	Skin, hair & nails
Digestive system	Nose, mouth, tongue & throat	Speech
Electrocardiogram	Reproductive system	Tissues
Embryology	Respiratory system	Tooth
Endocrine system	Senses	Urinary system

Nose, mouth, tongue and throat anatomy

related topic: Tongue - taste, Nose- smell

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